Dental care is important to maintaining your dog’s overall health, and if not tended to regularly, can lead to medical complications and disease. More than 85% of dogs and cats older than four years have some level of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease (periodontitis) is the inflammation of some or all of the structures that support the teeth. These include the gingival, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.
Periodontal disease starts with the formation of plaque, which starts forming twelve hours after dental cleaning. If the plaque is not removed, mineral salts in the food precipitate to form hard dental calculus.
The calculus is irritating to the gingival tissue (the gums). It also changes the ph balance of the mouth allowing bacteria to survive and flourish. By-products of these bacteria “eat away” at the tooth’s support structures and can lead to other diseases.
As periodontal disease progresses a painful infection between the tooth and the gum develops that results in tooth loss and spread infection to the rest of the body. Signs are loose teeth, bad breath, tooth pain, sneezing and nasal discharge.
Usually the first sign of a mouth problem is halitosis or bad breath. It is caused by bacteria growing from food particles caught between the teeth or by gum infection. Over time the plaque and calculus irritates the gum tissue leading to gingivitis.
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